TYPES OF CLASSROOM SPEAKING PERFORMANCE AND PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS IN TEFL.

Name : Dwi Putri Noor Ramadhanty

Title : Component of Speaking

Abstract : This paper aims to see what we must have when we speak or what we have to do when we are be a good speaker. As we know that someone can trusted when they speak something. This paper explain about what we must have in speaking so we can easy to communicated well to others. What a good component in speaking. When we speak, the others easy understand about what we say and we as a speaker also easy to deliver our ideas or our information so there is no something wrong when we deliver it if we have component of speaking  and also what thing that will happen if we do not have the component of speaking. What important thing that we must have when we speak. In this paper will explain the components of speaking.

As we know that speaking is a way to communicate with others. Speaking is a process to deliver our ideas or information which aim to others know about what we say or what we mean. According Harmer (2007:284) states that speaking is the ability to speak fluently and presupposes not only knowledge of language features, but also the ability to process transmitting ideas and information orally in variety of situations. By clear speaking, we can communicated well to others and easier to communicate. To make our speaking in clearly, we have component in speaking. The component is what aspect influencing how well we can speak English. According to Tarigan (1990) stated that speaking is a language skill that is develop in child life which is produced by listening skill and at that period speaking skill is learn.

The first component is grammar , grammar is a set of the structural rules  governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and word in any given natural language. Grammar is the structure of the sentence that we used when we are in a situation. Grammar to be a  differentiator in English. It is needed to for us to arrange a correct sentence in conversation. According to Richard & Renandya (2002) stated that grammatical competence helps speaker to use and understand English language structures accurately and immediately which facilities their fluency. The utility of grammar is also to learn the correct way to gain expertise in a language in oral and written form . By we know the structure, the others can easy to understand what we said with specific time or another thing. The term of grammar can describe all things or specific thing and time when we speak or write.

The second is vocabulary, vocabulary means the appropriate diction which is used in communication. As we know that had a lot of vocabulary make us to easier communicated well to others. If we have a lot of vocabulary, we can easy to arrange the word. If we have not a lot of vocabulary we can difficult to arrange the word and we can difficult to communicated well to tells others what we want to say. Having limited vocabulary also make us difficult to know about what the other say to us because we do not know about the meaning. Vocabulary has important factor in speaking because it is the main point when we speak or when we deliver our ideas or information. According to Burns (1972) stated that vocabulary as the stock of words which is used by the person, class or profession.

The third is pronunciation, pronunciation is the way we produce clearer language when we speak. Pronunciation can made the language to be clear when we do it in right pronunciation. It is one of important thing in speaking because if we can not clear in pronunciation it can make our speaking not correct even it can make our language has wrong meaning. According to Lynda Yates and Beth Zielinski stated that pronunciation refers to how we produce the sounds that we used to make meaning when we speak. When we speak right pronunciation, the others can easy to understand what we mean about what we say.

The forth is fluency, fluency is the way or level of our fluent when we produce our ideas without long thinking about what we will say or without preparing a text. Fluency means that our ability to speak fluently and accurately. Sign o fluency include a reasonably fast speed of speaking and only small number of pause. According to Fillmore (1979) stated that fluency is the ability to talk at length with few pause. When we have fluency in speaking we can manage our speed when we speak without deleted the clearer about what we said. Fluency also one of the important thing in speaking. If we have fluency it can make our speaking is good. Because one of the reason why people are trusted in something, we can see from the way what people say. According to Brumfit (1984) stated treated fluency as natural language use like the native speakers.

Those are the component of speaking. From the explanation above, we can conclude that component of speaking between four of them related or has correlation each other. From the first until fourth has a strong correlation, if one of them is not there, it can make our speaking not clear even wrong. If we do not have clear grammar it can make us difficult to arrange the sentence. Then, if we do not have many vocabularies, it can make us difficult to produce the word. Then, if we can not speak wrong pronunciation, it can make our meaning is not clear even wrong. Also, if do not have fluency, it can make us difficult to manage our speed when we speak and it can make us repeatedly our speak even it can make our speaking to be not clear. When we want to be a good speaker, we must have forth component when we speak because it is the way we sharing the information. According to Burkart & Sheppard (2004) argue that success in learning a language is measured in term of the ability to carry out a conversation in the target language.

References

Brumfit, C. (1984) Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching: the role of fluency and accuracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University. Web

Burkart, G. & Sheppard, K. (2004). Content ESL Across the USA: A Training Packet. A Descriptive Study of Content-ESL Practices. National Clearinghouse For English Language Acquisition. Web

Burns, Mofareh Alqahtani. (2015). The Importance of Vocabulary in Language Learning and how to be taught. International Journal of Teaching and Education. Vol.III(3), pp. 21-24. Web

Fillmore, C.J. (1979). On Fluency. In D.Kempler & W.S.Y. Wang(Eds.) Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior. New York: Academic Press. Web

Harmer, Jeremy. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching. England: Pearson Education Limited. Web

Richards, J.C., & Renandya, W.A. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. Web

Tarigan, H.Guntur. 2008. Berbicara : Sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa. Bandung: Angkasa. Web

Yates L., 2002,. What is Pronunciation?. Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP) Research Centre Fact Sheets, Sydney, National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University. Web