Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary by Halimah
Name : Halimah
Reg.
Number : 1610117220010
Writing
Academic
Paper
Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary
Abstract
In this paper, the writer will describe about
the strategies that can be use for teaching vocabulary. These strategies will
enable the teachers easier to teach vocabulary. Based on H. Douglas Brown, in
his book titled Teaching by Principles (2015) there are four (4) strategies
that can be use, 1. Allocate specific class time to vocabulary, 2. Help
students to learn vocabulary in context, 3. Engage in “unplanned” vocabulary
teaching, 4. Encourage students to develop word-learning strategies. The
strategies are suitable for the teachers also for the students because it can
interest students while learning vocabulary and by the strategies also can make
the students more active in the class.
Key words : strategies,
teaching, vocabulary, teacher, and students
Introduction
Vocabulary is one of the study that must be
taught to the students. According to Hidayati (2007: 7) stated that
vocabularies are the words that are taught in the foreign language, another
statement by Sasa Astra Pamungkas (2012: 4) Vocabulary is a list of words,
which means any unit of language used in writing. Based on the definition
above, we can conclude that vocabulary is all of the list of the word that has
meaning in the language and taught in the foreign language.
As we know there must be a teacher to teach
about vocabulary, and when they were teaching, they must have a strategies how
to teach vocabulary to their students. According to Kemp (1995)
Expressing that learning strategies are activities learning that must be done
by the teacher and students so that the goals learning can be achieved
effectively and efficiently. Base on that definition, strategies is a ways or a
step to do by the teacher and the students in a lesson process.
It is important to teach by using strategies,
because it can easier the teaching process and also can make the students
interested to the material and more active in the class. Based on H. Douglas Brown, in his book titled
Teaching by Principles (2015) there are four strategies that can be use in
teaching vocabulary. All of the strategies are suitable for teaching process and the teacher can use
it while teaching.
The
Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary :
1. Allocate Specific
Class Time to Vocabulary Learning
According to
Webb & Nation (2013), they were
stated that spreading 20 minutes across a few days at progressive intervals
will be much more effective for long-term recall than spending 20 minutes all
at once. From that statement, we know that they were prefer to assigned the
students to memorize several new vocabulary in 20 minutes. 20 minutes here
means the students can divided 3-5 minutes per day to memorized new vocabulary,
continuing all day until the total time is 20 minutes, rather than memorizing
in 20 minutes at one day, because it can make the students can’t memorize well.
By allocate the time, the students can do memorizing new vocabulary at school,
or at their home.
2. Help Students to
Learn Vocabulary in Context
Other strategies that
can be use is to help students to learn vocabulary in context. Learning
vocabulary in context here means that the teacher are teaching vocabulary by
the rule or the pattern of vocabulary. For example, teacher taught vocabulary
by the form of regular and irregular verbs, the teacher also can give the list
of the verb start from verb 1 until verb 3, so the students can understand
about the pattern or the rule of vocabulary. Refer to Zimmerman (2014) he
states that good learners dictionaries additionally include information about
collocation, grammatical forms, register, word parts, and so on. From the
statement, we know that it is not only the material from the teacher, but the
students can also learn about information of rules, form, and also the part of
word by their dictionary that including the information of vocabulary.
3.
Engage in “Unplanned” Vocabulary Teaching
The teacher not only can
give a list of vocabulary to memorized or teach about the form of vocabulary.
In this strategy, the teacher can give a new vocabulary to the students, then
the teacher help the students to guest the meaning by giving an example using
another words that students can understand or words that already know by the
students. This strategy is related to McCarthy (1990), he stated that vocabulary
knowledge is most efficiently absorbed when it is assimilated to the already
known words by using it in a context. This is what we call unplanned, that the
teacher indirectly give a new words to the students to guest.
4.
Encourage Students to Develop Word-Learning
Strategies
Refer to the statement from
Zimmerman (2014) that Word-Learning strategies refer to “the planned approaches
that a word-learner takes as an agent of his or her own word learning”. From
the statement above, we can know that word-learning strategies are different
from the previous strategies. In word-learner strategies the students are
assigned to analyze several kinds of word and the students can divided the
words. For example, the teacher give a kind of words, like synonym, antonym,
and so on, then the students can add the words and categorized several word
that has synonym or antonym then they make the sentences of the words. In this
strategy, the student also able to analyze or make a sentences of the word by
using their own words to make them easier to do the assignment.
Conclusion
Teaching vocabulary isn’t an easy thing
for a teacher. It is why the teacher must use several strategies to make their
lesson good and succeed. The first strategies that can be use is by giving an
allocation time for students to memorize some words and they can spent 3-5
minutes per day to memorizing. Second strategies is by teaching the context of
vocabulary, the teacher can give the information of the rule, the form, also
the pattern of several vocabularies, it can make the students not only know
about the new vocabulary but also the pattern or the kinds of vocabulary.
The third is by giving an example to the
students, the teacher can give a new vocabulary then the teacher give the
sentences as an example of the word by using several words that already known
by the students, it can make the students easier in guessing the mean of the
new vocabulary. The fourth of the last strategies is by giving several kinds of
word like synonym and antonym, then the students are assigned to find the word
that has synonym or antonym. Those strategy are very good and useful for the
teacher to teach vocabulary and make them easier to teach their students.
References
Brown
Douglas H. Teaching by Principles: an
interactive approach to language pedagogy. America: Pearson Education, Inc.
2015. Print
Hidayati,
Suci. The Analysis of Students' Ability in Using Derivation
Vocabulary. Unpublished Thesis Proposal. Tadris Bahasa Inggris of
Tarbiyah Department of STAIN Bengkulu. 2007. Pdf
Pamungkas
Astra Sasa. Strategies in Teaching
Vocabulary at the First Year in SMP N 2 Bringin, Kabupaten Semarang.
Publication Article. School of Teaching Training and Education Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2012. Pdf
Kemp.
Jerrold E. Instruction Desigen: A Plan for Unit and Course Development. Belmon:
Feron. 1995
Webb.
S., & Nation, P. Teaching Vocabulary.
In C. Chapelle (Ed.). The encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp.
5670-5677). West Sussex. UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 2013
Zimmerman,
C. Teaching and learning vocabulary for
second language learners. In M. Celce-Murcia, D. Brinton, & M. A. Snow
(Eds.). Teaching English as a second and foreign language (4th
ed., pp . 288-302). Boston, MA: National Geographic Learning. 2014
McCarthy,
M. Vocabulary (Language Teaching: A
Scheme for Teacher Education). Oxford: OUP. 1990
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